Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pedagogical Implications

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed numerous sectors, including education, where it has significantly influenced the teaching and learning of English as a second or foreign language. Drawing upon contemporary research in Applied Linguistics and ELT, this paper critically examines the opportunities and challenges associated with AI-assisted English language teaching. Through a review of secondary sources, it argues that AI has the potential to transform language education when employed responsibly within learner-centred pedagogical approaches. The paper concludes that sustainable integration of AI requires teacher training, ethical awareness, and informed educational policies that ensure technology serves as an aid to language learning rather than a substitute for human instruction.