The Seawater Neurorehabilitation Hypothesis: A Theoretical Framework for the Therapeutic Role of Seawater Immersion in Multiple Sclerosis Symptom Modulation

Abstract

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term autoimmune condition marked by the loss of myelin, neuroinflammation, and progressive neurological decline. Despite improvements in medical treatments, numerous patients still face challenges such as fatigue, spasticity, and restricted mobility. There is a growing interest in complementary rehabilitation approaches aimed at enhancing symptom management and elevating quality of life.

Objective:
This paper introduces the Seawater Neurorehabilitation Hypothesis, a conceptual framework proposing that immersion in natural seawater may influence MS symptoms through an interplay of physical, biochemical, and neuroimmunological processes.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review was performed focusing on the pathophysiology of MS, aquatic therapy, how minerals can affect neural functions, and the biological impacts of seawater characteristics. This analysis led to the creation of a mechanistic model connecting seawater immersion to decreased neuroinflammation, better neuromuscular function, and improved overall outcomes.

Results:
Immersion in seawater may provide therapeutic benefits through mechanisms such as buoyancy-assisted unloading, hydrostatic pressure effects, thermal relaxation, and mineral-driven modulation of cytokines and neurotransmitters. Collectively, these factors could enhance fatigue levels, reduce spasticity, improve proprioception, and stabilize gait in individuals with MS.

Conclusion:
This hypothesis presents a biologically plausible framework that can be empirically tested in future studies. Rigorous clinical trials are essential to assess the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of incorporating seawater-based rehabilitation as an innovative complementary treatment for MS.